Opis Techniczny i Montaż Wkładu T250 Spalinowego
DOKUMENTACJA TECHNICZNA NADCIŚNIENIOWYCH WKŁADÓW KOMINOWYCH
1. Przeznaczenie:
System ten przeznaczony jest do odprowadzania spalin z kotłów gazowych i olejowych z zamkniętą komorą spalania, oraz kotłów kondensacyjnych, w których wyrzut spalin następuje na skutek nadciśnienia wytwarzanego przez wentylatory w kotle.
W wyniku nagminnych podwyżek cen gazu i olejów opałowych producenci urządzeń grzewczych wychodząc naprzeciw oczekiwaniom klientów wprowadzają na rynek coraz powszechniej nowoczesne wysokosprawne urządzenia grzewcze. Urządzenia te wykorzystują zjawisko kondensacji pary wodnej powstającej w procesie spalania wytwarzają spaliny o niewielkiej temperaturze i masie w porównaniu do urządzeń grzewczych stosowanych dotychczas. Duży potencjał energii cieplnej zawarty w parze wodnej dotychczas był odprowadzany wraz ze spalinami. Obecnie w nowych kotłach kondensacyjnych i instalacjach kominowych część ciepła zawartego w spalinach odzyskuje się przez schłodzenie i wykroplenie pary wodnej z produktów spalania a temperatura spalin spada często poniżej 500 C. Konsekwencją zastosowania techniki kondensacji w procesie spalania jest obniżenie temperatury wylotowej spalin poniżej punktu rosy.
Elementy nadciśnieniowe wykonane ze stali nierdzewnej o cienkiej grubości ścianek (0,5-06 mm), przystosowany do odprowadzania spalin z kotłów kondensacyjnych, muszą odpowiadać bardzo wysokim wymaganiom:
z uwagi na opadający kondensat oraz z uwagi na nadciśnienie wywołane w przewodzie odprowadzającym spaliny musi być on szczelny i odporny na powtarzające się zasysanie kondensatu w miejscach styku elementów długościowych systemu,
odprowadzenie kondensatu powinno być tak wykonane i zwłaszcza umiejscowione by uniemożliwić przedostanie się kondensatu zarówno z przewodu spalinowego jak i też z przewodu łączącego do kotła grzewczego w przypadkach, gdy kocioł nie jest przystosowany do odbioru kondensatu.
Wszystkie elementy tego systemu są spawane plazmowo spawem wzdłużnym.
Szczelność połączenia elementów zapewnia precyzyjnie wykonane gniazdo w kielichu elementu i zamontowana w nim specjalnie zaprojektowana uszczelka silikonowa odporna w pełni na działanie mokrych spalin przy nadciśnieniu ponad 200 Pa i temperaturze do 250° C.
99
2. Oznakowanie i certyfikacja
System nadciśnieniowych wkładów kominowych T-250 wykonywany jest zgodnie z Normą PN-EN 14898-2, co oznacza, iż produkcja odbywa się pod nadzorem Zakładowej Kontroli Produkcji.
Elementy systemu w całym procesie produkcyjnym poddawane są wielokrotnej kontroli, powoduje to wyeliminowanie wadliwych elementów i zachowanie najwyższego bezpieczeństwa.
Każdy element systemu oznakowany jest zgodnie z normą w następujący sposób:
PN-EN 14898-2-T250-P1-W-VmL50050-O100
Wyjaśnienia oznakowania:
PN-EN 14898-2 - numer normy.
T250 - maksymalna temperatura. Oznaczenie to mówi o tym, że dany komin może być używany w sposób ciągły przy temperaturach spalin do 2500 C. Przy takich temperaturach w kominie nie powinny powstawać żadne odkształcenia ani szczeliny.
P1 - klasa szczelności. Litera - oznacza rodzaj pracy komina dla kominów podciśnieniowych badanych w nadciśnieniu 200 Pa.
W - odporność na kondensat. Oznacza to, że elementy komina są odporne na działanie kondensatu pojawiającego się w trakcie skraplania spalin, więc mogą pracować w trybie mokrym.
Vm - oznacza materiały przyjęte z atestem hutniczym. Elementy z tym znakiem zostały przetestowane w hucie i tam uzyskały deklarację odporności na korozję.
L50050 - oznacza rodzaj materiału i jego grubość. Jeżeli deklaracja Vm została przyjęta, to producent oznacza rodzaj materiału zgodnie z wytycznymi normy
L50 - gatunek 1.4404 lub 1.4571.
W tym przypadku grubość materiału to 050 co oznacza 0,5 mm grubość ścianki elementu.
O100 - "O" oznacza brak odporności na pożar sadzy, "100" oznacza minimalną odległość komina od elementów palnych budynku palnych podanych w mm.
Dodatkowo w oznakowaniu podawane są takie dane jak Producent, indeks wyrobu, data, oraz numer partii.
3. Materiał
Podstawowym materiałem używanym do produkcji nadciśnieniowych wkładów kominowych jest wysokogatunkowa stal stopowa. Poszczególne elementy wykonane są z blachy kwasoodpornej gat. X2CrNiMo17-12-2, ( DIN 1.4404 )
W tablicy przedstawiono skład chemiczny stali, z której są produkowane wkłady kominowe.
100
Gatunek stali
Skład chemiczny rury wewnętrznej
C
Mn
Si
P max
S
Cr
Ni
Mo
X2CrNiMo17-12-2 ( DIN 1.4404 ) ≤ 0,3 ≤ 2,0 ≤ 1,0
0,045 ≤ 0,015
16,5
18,5
10,0
13,0
2,0-2,5
Skład chemiczny wg normy PN-EN 10088-1
Stal X2CrNiMo17-12-2, ( DIN 1.4404 ) jest odporna na korozję.
Stal z której zbudowane są wkłady kominowe jest spawalna, odporna na działanie wód naturalnych, czynników atmosferycznych, pary wodnej, roztworów alkaicznych i kwasów, a tym samym na korozję.
4. Konstrukcja nadciśnieniowych wkładów kominowych T-250
Nadciśnieniowe wkłady kominowe wykonane są w postaci rury. Wszystkie elementy rurowe wkładu połączone są wzdłużnie za pomocą spawania plazmowego w osłonie argonu, który wyklucza możliwość utleniania się stali, pozwala również osiągnąć bardzo dobrą szczelność i gładkość powierzchni wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych. Dodatkowo na połączeniach kielichowych zamontowana jest uszczelka silikonowa zapewniająca bardzo wysoką gazo i wodo szczelność.
Końcówkę wylotową stanowi daszek, który nie powoduje zatrzymania spalin przy wylocie i zabezpiecza komin ceramiczny przed dostawaniem się wody pochodzącej z opadów atmosferycznych.
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